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Biomass Charcoal Briquetting
The agricultural residues are produced abundantly after harvest of each crop in our villages. Most of these residues are burnt in the open field. However using Biomass Charcoal Briquetting technologies, these residues, can be used for generating an alternative fuel which is cost effective and environmentally friendly. It can also add income to the family.
What is briquetting
Briquetting is the process of converting low bulk density biomass into high density and energy concentrated fuel briquettes
Methodology
There are two different methods of charcoal making.
1. Direct method The direct method is to heat and form an incomplete combustion of the organic matter that results in the formation of charcoal.
2. Indirect method In the indirect method an external heat source is used to "burn" organic matter kept in a closed but vented airless chamber. The indirect method results in production of high quality charcoal with less smoke and pollutants
2. Carbonization
i. Designing the Furnace
• Outer drum : A 200lits. metal oil drum with the top cut out and a 12" width x 10" height hole cut in the lower side
• Two iron rids (8”) has to be fixed at the bottom of the metal drum running parallel from one side to the other side. This iron rods act as base to support the stainless steel inner drum.
• Inner drum : A 100lits stainless steel drum with proper lids and six (3/8") holes at the bottom.
• The inner drum is placed into the larger drum.
ii. Carbonizing the biomass
• The biomass is tightly packed into the inner drum and fired for 45minutes to 1hr (Depending upon the biomass) using biomass.
• After firing, the carbonized biomass in the inner drum has to collected and weighed. In this method 30 % of carbonized char can be obtained.
3. Preparation of binder
The binder material is used for strengthening the briquettes For every 100 kg of total weight of carbonized charcoal powder, prepare a binder mixture by adding 5 to 6 kg of starch or cassava flour to 60 - 100 litres of water (based on the weight of the raw materials)
4. Mixing
Mix such that every particle of carbonised charcoal material is coated with binder. It will enhance charcoal adhesion and produce identical briquettes.
5. Briquetting. The charcoal mixture is made into briquettes either manually or using machines. Pour the mixture directly into the briquetting mould / machine to form uniform-sized briquettes.
6. Drying and Packaging
Collect the briquettes in a tray, dry them under the sunlight, pack them in plastic bags and seal
General Characteristics of briquettes
Moisture : 7.1%-7.8%
Volatile Matter : 13.0%-13.5%
Fixed Carbon : 81.0%-83.0%
Ash : 3.7%-7.7%
Sulfur : 0.0%
Heating Value : 7,100-7,300 kcal/kg
Density : 970kg/m3
Links and more:
http://www.indg.in/rural-energy/technologies-under-rural-energy/energy-efficiency/biomass-charcoal-briquetting/
For further details please contact
Director
Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre (MCRC)
Taramani
Chennai 600 113
Tamilnadu, India.
Phone: 044-22430937
Fax 044-22434268
E.Mail : energy@mcrc.murugappa.org
amm-mcrc.org
What is briquetting
Briquetting is the process of converting low bulk density biomass into high density and energy concentrated fuel briquettes
Methodology
There are two different methods of charcoal making.
1. Direct method The direct method is to heat and form an incomplete combustion of the organic matter that results in the formation of charcoal.
2. Indirect method In the indirect method an external heat source is used to "burn" organic matter kept in a closed but vented airless chamber. The indirect method results in production of high quality charcoal with less smoke and pollutants
MCRC’s method of charcoal briquetting
1. Collection of biomass
Collect the locally available biomass, sort them, chop the large-size raw materials into smaller pieces and dry at sunlight.2. Carbonization
i. Designing the Furnace
• Outer drum : A 200lits. metal oil drum with the top cut out and a 12" width x 10" height hole cut in the lower side
• Two iron rids (8”) has to be fixed at the bottom of the metal drum running parallel from one side to the other side. This iron rods act as base to support the stainless steel inner drum.
• Inner drum : A 100lits stainless steel drum with proper lids and six (3/8") holes at the bottom.
• The inner drum is placed into the larger drum.
ii. Carbonizing the biomass
• The biomass is tightly packed into the inner drum and fired for 45minutes to 1hr (Depending upon the biomass) using biomass.
• After firing, the carbonized biomass in the inner drum has to collected and weighed. In this method 30 % of carbonized char can be obtained.
3. Preparation of binder
The binder material is used for strengthening the briquettes For every 100 kg of total weight of carbonized charcoal powder, prepare a binder mixture by adding 5 to 6 kg of starch or cassava flour to 60 - 100 litres of water (based on the weight of the raw materials)
4. Mixing
Mix such that every particle of carbonised charcoal material is coated with binder. It will enhance charcoal adhesion and produce identical briquettes.
5. Briquetting. The charcoal mixture is made into briquettes either manually or using machines. Pour the mixture directly into the briquetting mould / machine to form uniform-sized briquettes.
6. Drying and Packaging
Collect the briquettes in a tray, dry them under the sunlight, pack them in plastic bags and seal
General Characteristics of briquettes
Moisture : 7.1%-7.8%
Volatile Matter : 13.0%-13.5%
Fixed Carbon : 81.0%-83.0%
Ash : 3.7%-7.7%
Sulfur : 0.0%
Heating Value : 7,100-7,300 kcal/kg
Density : 970kg/m3
Links and more:
http://www.indg.in/rural-energy/technologies-under-rural-energy/energy-efficiency/biomass-charcoal-briquetting/
For further details please contact
Director
Shri AMM Murugappa Chettiar Research Centre (MCRC)
Taramani
Chennai 600 113
Tamilnadu, India.
Phone: 044-22430937
Fax 044-22434268
E.Mail : energy@mcrc.murugappa.org
amm-mcrc.org
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| More: http://www.indg.in/rural-energy/technologies-under-rural-energy/energy-efficiency/biomass-charcoal-briquetting/ Also see a very impressive list of ongoing and completed projects from 1971 to current: http://amm-mcrc.org/Programmes/Projects.html |
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